Yeah, it's definitely the Egyptian game SENET (possibly the oldest board game ever known).
The actual rules have been lost in antiquity, but current scholarship thinks it eventually developed into having religious overtones where the player negotiated his way through the underworld with "victory" meaning that he received eternal life.
See these links:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senethttp://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Piccione/index.htmlSome interesting passages:
"... new translations and interpretations of religious gaming texts [...] describe the journey of the soul through various regions of the afterlife as if it were moving across a senet board. The Egyptians believed that in death they would join the sun god on his bark as it set in the western horizon at dusk. The deceased and the sun god would then journey together through the subterranean regions of the underworld. Here dwelt a host of divinities and the souls of deceased people who were judged for their sins and consequently rewarded or punished. The reward would be food, drink and eternal life with Ra, the sun god; the punishment, torture and eventual annihilation. "
"Square 27 depicted the "Waters of Chaos" over which the netherworld bark floated as it rose into heaven at dawn. Sinners, denied a place in the bark, were drowned in these waters; thus, as the words of one gaming text aptly showed, square 27 was the ultimate senet pitfall: "I seize his gamepieces so that he might drown together with his gamepieces. I throw him into the water." Draughtsmen who landed on it had to be removed from the board. "